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Evolutionary changes in floral, vegetative, reproductive and rewarding traits, and attractiveness of Viola arvensis. We measured floral traits (a, b) in the first five developed flowers per individual (N ≈ 4000). (a) Floral area (multiplication of labellum width × corolla length). (b) Number of nectar guides. (c) Rosette diameter, measured on each plant at the start of flowering (n = 792). (d) Log-ratio of seeds produced in self-pollination compared to open pollination as a proxy of selfing ability, measured by collecting one fruit in self-pollination and one in open pollination per plant (n = 693). (e) Nectar production measured as the sum of the volume in three flowers per plants on fifty plants per population (n = 400). (f) Bumblebee preferences measured as proportion of visits per plant to a mixed plantation of 10 plants of the ancestral and 10 of the descendant populations of a single locality, exposed together to bumblebees. We recorded the number of visits to each plant by a flying bumblebee for 10 to 15 min in 6 to 8 replicates per location and divided it by the total number of visits during the flight (only visited plants are represented). The first two letters are the name of the locality (Co, Commeny; Cr, Crouy; Gu, Guernes; Lh, Lhuys). ‘A’ (triangles) ancestral population (collected in 2000 for Co, 1993 for Cr, 2001 for Gu and 1992 for Lh) and ‘D’ (circles) descendant population (all collected in 2021). Graphic: Samson Acoca-Pidolle, et al., 2023 / New Phytologist

December 26, 2023

Flowers “giving up” on scarce insects and evolving to self-pollinate, say scientists – “Our results show that the ancient interactions linking pansies to their pollinators are disappearing fast”

By Phoebe Weston 19 December 202 (The Guardian) – Flowers are “giving up on” pollinators and evolving to be less attractive to them as insect numbers decline, researchers have said. A study has found the flowers of field pansies growing near Paris are 10% smaller and produce 20% less nectar than flowers growing in the same fields […]

Trends in the prevalence of severe obesity among U.S. children aged 2 to 4 years enrolled in WIC from 2010 to 2020 by (A) sex, (B) age, (C) race and ethnicity, and (D) household income. Graphic: Zhao, et al., 2023 / Pediatrics

December 26, 2023

New study bolsters evidence that severe obesity is increasing in young kids in the U.S. – “We are thinking it’s going to get worse”

By Mike Stobbe 17 December 2023 NEW YORK (AP) – A new study adds to evidence that severe obesity is becoming more common in young U.S. children. There was some hope that children in a government food program might be bucking a trend in obesity rates — earlier research found rates were dropping a little about a […]

Estimates of individuals experiencing homelessness in the U.S. by sheltered status, 2007-2023. Graphic: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development

December 26, 2023

Homelessness in U.S. rose to record level in 2023, government says – “Without a significant policy response, this problem will continue to get worse”

By Jason DeParle 15 December 2023 (The New York Times) – Homelessness surged this year to the highest level on record, the federal government reported on Friday. An annual head count, conducted in January, found the homeless population had increased by more than 70,000 people, or 12 percent. That is the largest one-year jump since the Department […]

Graph showing temperatures and atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide over the past 66 million years. Paleo-CO2 (including 95 percent credible intervals) is superimposed on the GMST trend over the past 66 million years. Age and CO2 labels highlight notable climate extrema and transitions as described in the text. Graphic: CenCO2PIP, Science 2023

December 25, 2023

A new 66 million-year history of carbon dioxide offers little comfort for today – “Regardless of exactly how many degrees the temperature changes, it’s clear we have already brought the planet into a range of conditions never seen by our species”

By Kevin Krajick 7 December 2023 (Columbia Climate School) – A massive new review of ancient atmospheric carbon-dioxide levels and corresponding temperatures lays out a daunting picture of where the Earth’s climate may be headed. The study covers geologic records spanning the past 66 million years, putting present-day concentrations into context with deep time. Among […]

Screenshot of the Human Climate Horizons platform, showing projected sea level rise (cm) in the 2040-2059 time horizon under the intermediate carbon emissions scenario (SSP2-4.5). Australis, Southeast Asia, Indonesia, and and the Pacific islands of Oceania are shown. The global average sea level rise is projected to be more than 18 cm. Graphic: UNDP

December 25, 2023

Climate change’s impact on coastal flooding to increase by five times over this century – “The effects of rising sea levels will put at risk decades of human development progress in densely populated coastal zones which are home to one in seven people in the world”

28 November 2023 (UNDP) – According to new data on the Human Climate Horizons platform, a collaboration between the Climate Impact Lab and UNDP, increased coastal flooding this century will put over 70 million people in the path of expanding floodplains. Latin America and the Caribbean, East Asia and the Pacific, and Small Island Developing […]

Aerial view of the Mount Pleasant Coal Mine in New South Wales, Australia. Photo: Environmental Defenders Office

December 25, 2023

Four new coal mines approved in Australia in 2023

12 May 2023 (The Australia Institute) – So much coal news… and all of it bad! Exactly as we predicted here at Coal Mine Tracker, last week’s ‘rejection’ of the long-stalled China Stone and Range coal mines was laying the groundwork for the approval of new coal mines with more momentum and more powerful proponents. Thursday 11 May […]

Storm track of Hurricane Idalia before it made landfall in Florida. The warm sea surface temperatures of the Gulf of Mexico fueled the storm, allowing it to strengthen to a Category 4 hurricane from a Category 1 just hours before making landfall on 30 August 2023. Graphic: The New York Times

December 25, 2023

2023 hurricane season marked by storms that “really rapidly intensified”

By William B. Davis and Judson Jones 2 December 2023 (The New York Times) – The 2023 hurricane seasons in the Atlantic and Eastern Pacific came to an end this week, with both basins experiencing an above average number of storms, fueled by extremely warm ocean temperatures. The two basins had a combined 37 storms, […]

U.S. landfill tonnages by waste type, 1960-2018. In 2018, about 146.1 million tons of municipal solid waste (MSW) were landfilled. Food was the largest component at about 24 percent. Plastics accounted for more than 18 percent, paper and paperboard made up about 12 percent, and rubber, leather and textiles comprised over 11 percent. Other materials accounted for less than 10 percent each. Graphic: EPA

December 25, 2023

I’m appalled by what I learned about recycling. But we can fix it.

By Oliver Franklin-Wallis 29 November 2023 (The New York Times) – It happened again the other night: Washing up after dinner, I went to throw out a packet of just-eaten instant tortellini and was flummoxed. It was plastic, sure. But what kind? There was no resin code or recycling symbol on the package. Nothing on […]

Map showing surface air temperatures in the UK and Europe on 24 December 2023. Some temperatures in the UK were the hottest since 1997, with 15.3°C (59.5°F) recorded near Heathrow Airport. Graphic: BBC

December 25, 2023

Christmas Eve in UK hottest since 1997 after 15.3°C (59.5°F) recorded near Heathrow

By Sam Hancock 24 December 2023 (BBC News) – Sunday has been declared the warmest Christmas Eve in the UK since 1997. Temperatures hit 15.3C in Heathrow, west London, and Cippenham in Slough, the Met Office said. There had been speculation it could be the warmest 24 December ever but that record remains consigned to […]

COP28 president Sultan Ahmed Al Jaber, center, hailed the adoption of the key text, calling it the “UAE consensus”. Photo: Amr Alfiky / Reuters

December 13, 2023

COP28: A deal at last – “This outcome reflects the very lowest possible ambition that we could accept rather than what we know, according to the best available science, is necessary to urgently address the climate crisis”

By Simon Mundy 13 December 2023 (Financial Times) – Hello from Dubai. After two consecutive nights of intense negotiations that ran into the small hours, COP28 has ended in a deal. The “global stocktake” agreed here has broken with the shameful inability of previous UN climate conferences to state openly the need to move away […]